Ampicillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of ampicillin, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic derivative of aminopenicillin. Ampicillin sodium inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins, thereby inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall.

Belonging to the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase, which is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls. Ampicillin inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis in binary fission, which ultimately leads to cell lysis.

Ampicillin is extremely effective in alleviating the symptoms of hemorrhagic enteritis in a 11-week old pig[3]. Ampicillin produces maximum concentrations in bile twice as high as in serum. The peak concentration of ampicillin after an oral dose is as twice as high in portal blood as in peripheral blood[4]. Ampicillin provides neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Ampicillin reduces the activities of MMPs and increases the expression level of GLT-1. Pretreatment with ampicillin significantly reduces medial hippocampal cell death following global forebrain ischemia[5].

69-52-3

C16H18N3NaO4S

371.39

氨苄西林钠;Penialmen;Domicillin;D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin sodium salt;Citteral;Ampicillin sodium

[1]Chopra SL, et al. Effect of Ampicillin on E. Coli of Swine Origin. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci. 1963 Sep;27(9):223-7. [2]Lee KE, et al. The neuroprotective mechanism of ampicillin in a mouse model of transient forebrain ischemia. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;20(2):185-92. [3]Gotz V, et al. Am J Hosp Pharm, 1979, 36(6), 754-757. [4]Lund B, et al. Ampicillin in portal and peripheral blood and bile after oral administration of ampicillin andpivampicillin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1974;7(2):133-5. [5]Sutcliffe JG, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1978, 75(8), 3737-3741.

H2O:68 mg/mL (183.1 mM)
Ethanol:69 mg/mL (185.8 mM)
DMSO:35 mg/mL (94.2 mM)
Powder: -20°C for 3 years
In solvent: -80°C for 2 years